Art History

STUDY GUIDE - Chapter 12: The Beginnings of Art PALEOLITHIC, MESOLITHIC, and NEOLITHIC -paleolithic-40,000-10,000 BC -Mesolithic-10,000-8000 BC -Neolithic-8000-3000 BC palaeolithic cunning -First signs of Man appeared in Africa @ 2 million years ago. Tool role @1 million. Earliest examples of Western art appeared as glaciers retreated. -Venus of Willendorf-carved limestone, c. 30,000-15,000 BC. Because of the importance of fertility, (infant fatality rate rates were high making it a necessity to set aside many children for survival) probably a fertility symbol. Done in the round versus in relief. counteract Art (Lascaux) -murals at Lascaux. Normally, Paleolithic man did not portray humans in painting. around are animals. Based on observation. Probably done by blowing pigment through a pipe. Pigment -ground color use with a vehicle or binder on asupport. countermine art often uses the contours of the cave to define the form of the animal. Leon Battista Alberti, an Italian Renaissance aesthetician, believed that man first created images through association. The surface of the hump may have inferred the shape then the artist would remedy an image. The works at Lascaux seem to confirm Albertis image by accident theory. Mesolithic period -Marked by a serial of migrations with a movement toward horticulture and fishing.

More interest in kitchen-gardening and to a greater extent permanent communities. Neolithic art Stonehenge -possibly used for astronomical observations or rituals. It is the earliest example of exoteric art in N. Europe. Megaliths -menhirs-(long) individual unhewn or passably sculpted -dolmens-(table) two or more vertica ls with a plane -cromlechs-(circle) menh! irs in a circle or semi-circle (words taken from Gaelic language) Post and Lintel Construction -two upright columns and one header cross-piece. Basic construction method from which other methods grew. The Ancient specify along East in the Neolithic Era (c. 7000-4500/4000 BC) -transition from a huntsman/gatherer society to an...If you want to get a wide-cut essay, order it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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